The latter two issues are the focus of this paper. Each time a change is made, a separate file is created with a snapshot of the content of the document at a particular point in time. As a document passes through several revisions, many users wish to keep track of the content they are editing or removing in case they need to go back to earlier content. Versions are created as a document is edited throughout its lifecycle. Duplicates may be created deliberately, or accidentally.įile Versions. These activities can result in multiple copies of a document existing in different places. A common personal document management activity is copying files from one device to another – from a work computer to a USB drive to a home computer for instance. With duplicates, two or more files contain the exact same document content. This is always deliberate.ĭuplicate files. While there is still only a single conceptual document it resides in two files.
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A document might be saved in both Microsoft Word and PDF file formats. A large document (such as a book or long report) might be split into one file per chapter. There are four different ways this can happen: It is rare for a single file to contain more than one document, but reasonably common for a document to reside in more than one file. Files may contain documents, but they are also used to store data that is not a document, such as application files and configuration files. A file is a logically connected chunk of data that exists on a storage medium. A document is a single conceptual entity, with an integrated form and purpose and a life history from creation, through editing to finally deletion or dormancy. We explore the systems that users have developed to work around this deficiency and suggest some guidelines for the design of more effective document management systems.ĭocuments and files are not synonymous. the file systems built into modern Operating Systems) do not provide adequate support for managing file duplication. We find that current personal document management systems (i.e. This study of 73 knowledge workers combines a snapshot of their file system with a questionnaire about their document management practices in order to understand their document management structures, strategies and struggles. Users must spend time and effort to consciously and manually manage this duplication, or they run the risk of losing or overwriting data. copying a file to a USB drive and then back to a different location). creating different versions of a document to preserve a history) or inadvertently (e.g. Duplicates can be created deliberately (e.g. after work of the application is 600 (было 9 тыс закладок.In personal document management, a common problem for users is handling file and folder duplication. “No doubt is useful app” – was 9 thousand bookmarks. “thanks for the app, very useful.” – Ortwin Gentz from “Works! Not much there to say, the app works with OSX 10.11 flawlessly! (Funktioniert! Viel gibts nicht zu sagen, die App funktioniert mit OSX 10.11 einwandfrei!)” – Michi I used this application and deleted almost 500 duplicate bookmarks. “Efficient solution for keeping your Safari bookmarks collection clean” – “Finally!… In five minutes I got rid of over 2000 duplicates that accumulated over years… Thank you to the developer.” – The_Mama_Bear “Long time i was looking to cleaning my safari tab,more than 1000 doubles,work very well.” – mokori06
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